Climate change disproportionately affects men’s health through occupational exposure, cardiovascular risks, and reproductive issues.
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Macedonia is experiencing climate change effects such as more frequent heatwaves and higher summer temperatures, increasing health risks for both workers and the general population. While a national Heat-Health Action Plan exists to mitigate extreme temperature-related illnesses, men are disproportionately affected due to their greater presence in outdoor professions like construction, transport, and agriculture. Climate change impacts on men’s health are often overlooked compared to analyses focusing on women or marginalized groups. Climate vulnerability is defined by exposure to risks, bodily sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, which varies based on social and economic inequalities. Although national efforts exist for worker protection during heatwaves, there is a lack of specific research on climate change effects on male health in Macedonia. Internationally, men working outdoors face higher risks from heat stress, cardiovascular issues, and accidents. Furthermore, climate change affects male reproductive health by potentially reducing sperm quality due to high temperatures and air pollution. Mental health is also a concern, with men showing increased risk of suicide after extreme weather events, though they are less likely to seek help. Recognizing these specific risks for men deepens the conversation around climate justice, emphasizing that effective policies must account for gender-specific exposures and roles.
