Renewable energy adoption varies across Eastern European nations, showing growth and challenges in grid balancing.
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Romania’s electricity generation from renewable sources reached approximately 50% last year, an increase of 5% compared to 2022 and 8% compared to 2021. The Ministry of Energy projects that by 2030, renewables will account for 55.8% of total energy, with wind (37%), hydro (35%), and solar (23.5%) being the main contributors. Currently, renewable sources make up 65% of installed electricity generation capacity in Romania. The Ministry suggests that natural gas and nuclear power are needed to balance the intermittency of renewables, while battery storage and hydrogen will be crucial for system flexibility. Renewables should help lower wholesale energy prices, which have been observed as negative during peak production times. Spain reached a record 50.3% renewable share in total production by the end of 2023, driven mainly by hydro and solar growth, leading to electricity price reductions but also presenting intermittency challenges. Czechia’s renewable share is low at about 17%, with biomass being the largest contributor, and its development lags behind EU targets. Bulgaria aims for a 34.1% renewable share in final energy consumption by 2030, but faces issues balancing electricity prices due to oversupply leading to negative pricing. In Lithuania, renewables accounted for over two-thirds of total electricity production in 2023, supported by significant government subsidies for solar installations.
