Sexual exploitation is leading trafficking form; Italy and Spain show varied anti-trafficking efforts.
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In 2023, sexual exploitation was the most prevalent form of exploitation among registered victims at 43.8%, although this figure has been gradually decreasing since 2008. There has been a notable increase in victims trafficked for forced labor or services, with the percentage rising from 14-21% between 2008 and 2018 to 28-41% from 2019 onwards. Organ harvesting and other exploitative purposes accounted for 20.2% in 2023. Italy has implemented a National Action Plan against trafficking and severe exploitation (2022-2025), supported by regional initiatives like those in Tuscany, which utilize consultancies, street units, and migrant offices to identify victims. Volunteer anti-violence centers across various Italian regions also address trafficking. In Piedmont, identified victims of trafficking seeking international protection are entitled to access a unified program for emergence, assistance, and social integration in authorized protected facilities, though alternative accommodation may be possible if the victim’s safety is not at risk. In Spain, 1,794 victims were identified in 2024 across 419 investigations, leading to 966 arrests and the dismantling of 110 criminal groups; this represents a 22% increase, primarily due to labor exploitation. Gender distribution shows 56% female and 44% male victims, with Colombians being predominant in both groups. Among those arrested, 61% were men, mostly Spanish citizens followed by Colombians, while women were more frequently accused within the Colombian group.
