European nations, led by Italy’s Mattei Plan, seek African energy sources post-Ukraine war, focusing on gas and green hydrogen.
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Following the start of the war in Ukraine over two years ago, European governments, particularly Italy, are actively seeking energy supplies from Africa. Italy’s Mattei Plan aims to transform relations with African nations across education, health, agriculture, water, and energy, with a strong focus on securing energy resources after reducing reliance on Russia. This trend is mirrored by other EU countries; the EU as a whole is pursuing partnerships with African nations for various energy sources, from Libyan gas imports in Italy to green hydrogen investments by Germany and the Netherlands in Southern Africa and Mauritania. The European Union’s broader strategy involves strengthening ties with the African Union under a “parity” approach, complementing China’s Belt and Road Initiative with a substantial financial package dedicated to Africa. Italy has become a key player, with energy products constituting 71% of its imports from Africa in early 2024, making Africa its top energy partner in 2023. Between March 2022 and October 2023, Italy signed 21 bilateral agreements with African counterparts, including deals for natural gas and some clean energy components. Other European nations are also active; Germany has pledged billions in green energy investments, securing hydrogen agreements with South Africa and renewable energy pact with Nigeria, while the Netherlands has an intergovernmental agreement with South Africa focused on hydrogen development.
