Lithuanian and Italian experts discuss the scarcity of old-growth forests, ecological value, and conservation efforts.
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Experts suggest that the situation regarding old-growth forests differs between Italy and Lithuania. In Lithuania, there are virtually no true old-growth forests, although a definition is being prepared for a new Forest Law project. Botanists note that while true old-growth forests are absent, some forests possess characteristics of primary forests, and conservation reserves offer potential for future development into old-growth forests, though current average ages in these reserves are relatively young. The primary threats to Lithuanian forests include a societal view that forests must be managed like cultivated fields and the traditional forestry model that does not align with climate change and biodiversity loss. Furthermore, the commercial drive for timber is significant, and the Ministry of Environment faces a conflict between protecting forests and generating revenue from state forests. Conversely, in Italy, many ancient beech forests are strictly protected under UNESCO World Heritage status, and the country imports most of its timber, with less intensive use of forests in recent decades. Both countries lack true old-growth forests, as it takes centuries to develop the necessary characteristics. The “SengirÄ—s Fundas” in Lithuania is working to create precedents for saving old forests, emphasizing the importance of biodiversity beyond just trees, including fungi and microorganisms.
