Consumer protection issues in small consumer loans are compared between Bulgaria and Romania, highlighting predatory lending practices.
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Neighboring countries face serious consumer protection issues regarding small consumer loans, exemplified by Bulgaria’s market with around 200 non-bank financial institutions offering easy credit access, which has historically allowed entities to circumvent European directives and national laws despite interest rate caps. In Romania, after investigative journalism exposed fraud and misuse of personal data by some Non-Bank Financial Institutions (IFNs), authorities have taken action. Since November 11, 2024, Romanian IFNs are subject to official interest rate caps for consumer and mortgage loans, limiting the total repayment amount to no more than double the original loan value to curb excessive debt and abuse. While Romania has implemented stricter regulations, both countries still rely on legal challenges as a primary defense against financial abuses by these institutions.
