Italy sees the highest number of West Nile virus cases in Europe, with climate change increasing mosquito-borne diseases.
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Europe is experiencing the highest number of West Nile virus cases in the last three years, with Italy being the most affected country, reporting 274 cases based on ECDC data. This accounts for over 80 percent of all cases in eight EU countries, totaling 335, of which 19 were fatal. Experts predict an increase in infections, peaking in late August and September. Greece, Serbia, France, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Spain are the next most affected countries. Additionally, 2025 is seeing a record spread of Chikungunya virus across Europe. Climate change is creating ideal conditions for mosquitoes to breed and spread diseases, leading scientists to warn that mosquito-borne illnesses could become endemic in Europe. West Nile virus, a zoonotic illness similar to the flu, is most frequently reported in Africa, Asia, and North America, with Italy and Greece accounting for 62 percent of cases over the past decade. Most infections are asymptomatic, but about 20 percent can show symptoms like fever, headache, and body aches. Severe forms, such as West Nile encephalitis or meningitis, are estimated to occur in about 1 out of 150 infected individuals. Currently, there are no specific treatments for West Nile virus or Chikungunya, making prevention crucial. Key prevention methods include avoiding mosquito bites, eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed, and not traveling to endemic areas. Travelers should take precautions like wearing protective clothing, using repellents, and seeking medical help immediately if symptoms appear after returning from endemic regions.
