Gender imbalances persist across European science and tech sectors despite progress, highlighting structural barriers needing policy intervention.
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The article discusses gender imbalances in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) fields across several European countries. In Lithuania, achieving gender equality in science requires actively challenging established practices to ensure all researchers have equal opportunities. Across Europe, while overall female participation is increasing—as seen by the EU’s goal for 2030—disparities persist; women are better represented in knowledge and service sectors than in manufacturing. Spain shows a significant increase in female representation among researchers (over 50%), though business sector figures lag. Austria also sees growth, particularly in higher education, but gender segregation remains strong in the job market, with women concentrated in care and education sectors. In contrast, Latvia exhibits a significantly skewed gender balance in the IT sector, attributed to societal stereotypes and limited visibility of women’s roles. The Czech Republic shows that while female participation in STEAM studies is increasing, graduates struggle to enter the workforce proportionally, facing barriers like male-dominated environments and pay inequality. Overall, structural and cultural barriers, rather than just educational attainment, are hindering gender parity across Europe’s scientific sectors.
