Ceuta crisis responses by EU nations used border crises to restrict internal free movement, mirroring Hungarian concerns.
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While various aspects of the Ceuta tragedy, including border deaths, Morocco’s role, Spain’s unpreparedness, and European migration policy, have been examined, a more significant consequence has received less attention. Although governments blamed Madrid for the events and Italy implemented controls on hundreds of thousands of arrivals from Spain in the weeks following the crisis, these measures were not necessitated by what occurred in Ceuta; those who crossed into the enclave did not reach Spanish mainland or Italy, as confirmed by the European Commission. Nevertheless, different actors exploited the crisis at the EU’s external border to restrict free movement within the European Union, and these restrictions remain in place today, a situation that may be familiar to Hungarian readers as it mirrors signs of “Orbánization” in Europe.
