Gas origins are opaque; Russian gas is often relabeled as coming from other sources like Turkmenistan.
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Consumers have little to no knowledge about the origin of their gas because raw materials mix on the international market, and the labeling system is not very informative. Russian gas continues to arrive at Baumgarten, but it is unclear how much goes to which Austrian consumers. An analysis by the Bulgarian medium Mediapool showed that despite Gazprom stopping exports due to payment issues in 2022, Russian raw material still reaches Bulgaria; gas flows suggest that gas labeled as “Turkmen origin” actually originates from Russia, having been legally relabeled during trade.
